Seth Godin-营销三要素
恐惧、希望、爱——营销三要素
作者Seth Godin,发表于 Seth的博客 (作者授权翻译. 未经作者和译者许可 请勿转载.)
爱从何而来?对于品牌的爱又因何而生?
运输安全管理局(The TSA)靠恐惧立足。每次他们想让你脱掉鞋子时,都是利用了你的恐惧(对于不明情况的恐惧,或是对于误机的恐惧)来达成目的。
香奈尔(Chanel)靠出售希望来赚钱。除了希望,还有什么能诱惑你为一瓶香水花上5000美金呢?
希望,有时候就像“便利”一样微妙。我希望小一点瓶子的酸奶能省点时间,或者小瓶子装的酸奶能逗我的十来岁的孩子一笑……
而爱呢?爱能让你去支持一位候选人,就算他搞砸了或是对职位改了主意或是与你意见相左,你还是支持他。
爱让你义愤填膺地抗议,因为他们竟然改变了可口可乐的配方;爱让你高兴得叫出来,只不过因为你在逛街时看到有人穿着印有Google的标识的T恤。
人类的行为(大多)基于下列几种情感之一:
- 恐惧
- 希望
- 爱
每一个成功的营销人(以及政客)都善于利用至少一种基本的情感。
福布斯杂志是为了那些希望赚大钱的人而设的。
Rudy Giuliani是利用恐惧的候选人。他试图把群众的恐惧转化为爱,但是失败了。
很少有产品或者服务是因为爱而成功的。对于这种无私的情感,人们总是过于吝啬。
想想各种行业如何归入不同的情感也是件有趣的事情。提供体检服务的医生们理所当然是在做恐惧生意。(而肿瘤学专家们则是在出售希望。)经营恐惧的餐馆光景惨淡(打健康牌的餐馆生意通常不太好)。单身酒吧靠卖希望赚了大钱。
Google以出人意料的速度成为人们钟爱的品牌,很多人觉得Google比他们自己更重要,比希望更重要。Apple也在爱的领域茁壮成长。我觉得,要是你长期以来都立足希望并且有时也的确实现了允诺,那你可以从希望领域毕业,进入爱的国度了。Ronald Reagan (罗纳德.里根)广受热爱,甚至在他作出了 长期 严重的错误决定时也是如此。 JFK 也享有这样的优待。Hillary(希拉里)也许被大家尊敬,但是Obama(奥巴马)却被大家喜爱。
爱并不是单行线。正是由于先对顾客奉献了爱心,那些获得偏爱的品牌才获得了丰厚的爱之回报。
打造一个品牌的最容易的方法莫过于利用恐惧。而最好的方法,却是通过传递希望向爱心进军。
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Where does love come from? Brand love?
The TSA is in the fear business. Every time they get you take off your shoes, they’re using fear (of the unknown or perhaps of missing your plane) to get you take action.
Chanel is in the hope business. How else to get you to spend $5,000 a gallon for perfume?
Hope can be something as trivial as convenience. I hope that this smaller size of yogurt will save me time or get a smile out of my teenager…
And love? Love gets you to support a candidate even when he screws up or changes his mind on a position or disagrees with you on another one.
Love incites you to protest when they change the formula for Coke, or to cry out in delight when you see someone at the market wearing a Google t-shirt.
People take action (mostly) based on one of three emotions:
Fear
Hope
Love
Every successful marketer (including politicians) takes advantage of at least one of these basic needs.
Forbes Magazine, for example, is for people who hope to make more money.
Rudy Giuliani was the fear candidate. He tried to turn fear into love, but failed.
Few products or services succeed out of love. People are too selfish for an emotion that selfless, most of the time.
It’s interesting to think about the way certain categories gravitate to various emotions. Doctors selling check ups, of course, are in the fear business (while oncologists certainly sell hope). Restaurants have had a hard time selling fear (healthy places don’t do so well). Singles bars certainly thrive on selling hope.
Google, amazingly quickly, became a beloved brand, something many people see as bigger than themselves, something bigger than hope. Apple lives in this arena as well. I think if you deliver hope for a long time (and deliver on it sometimes) you can graduate to love. Ronald Reagan was beloved, even when he was making significant long-term errors. So was JFK. Hillary may be respected, but Obama is loved.
I don’t think love is often a one way street, either. Brands that are loved usually start the process by loving their customers in advance.
The easiest way to build a brand is to sell fear. The best way, though, may be to deliver on hope while aiming for love…
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